Thermometer.



W. JANDUS.

THERMOMETER.

AYPLIOATION YILED NOV. 2, 1906.

Patetea 411g. 3o, 1910.

W. JANDUS. 'THERMolscmTBR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2, 1906.

Patented Aug. 30, 1910.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' fmm- WILLIAM JANDUS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

THERMOMETER.

Speoication of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 30, 1910.

Application led November 2, 1906. Serial No. 341,709.

which the temperature element comprises a thin ribbon or a plurality of thin wires of a metal, such as aluminum, which is of high coefficient of expansion and very sensitive to changes of temperature.

The great subdivision of t-he metal which is used and the consequent extreme thinness of the same are very Aimportant features as contributing to the success and value of my invention. Many of the structural features of said invention are identical with or similar to those used for the same purposes in my invention in electro-metric appliances, which is shown and described in my pending application 'for United States Letters Patent,

Serial No. 311,853, filed April 16, 1906: as, also, my invention in hygroineters, which is shown and described in my pending application for UnitedStates Lettersl Patent filed even date herewith.

Said invention in thermometers consists of means hereinafter fully described and specifically set forth in the claims.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain mechanism embodying the invention, such disclosed means constituting but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

Insaid annexed drawings: Figure Irepresents a plan view of a thermometer embodying my invention; Fig. II represents a vertical section of the same, taken upon the planes indicated by the lines 2v2, Fig. I;

Fig. III represents a plan View of one of the temperature elements, one end thereof being shown partially in section; Fig. IV represents a front elevation of such temperature element; b lgs. V and v I represent, respectively, a plan view and a front elevation of the other temperature element; Fig. VII represents an elevation of the left-hand end of my invention; Figs. VIII and IX represent, respectively, front and side elevations of an oscillatory member pivoted upon the right-hand end of the thermometer intermediately of the right-hand endsof the two temperature elements, a cross-section of a bolt J adapted to have screw-threaded en.- gagement with said member being shown in Fig. IX; Fig. X represents a partial vertical section of the right-hand end of the thermometer taken centrally and longitudinally .of said bolt J which can be utilized to vary the distances between the two teInperature elements A and B, respectively, and the pivoted member H shown in Figs. vVIII and IX; Fig. XI represents an elevation of a post upon whichsaid member is pivoted, as, also, broken sections of a topv annular disk and the frame; XII and XIII represent, respectively, a front elevation and a plan view of a spring member upon which is pivoted the oscillatory plate F controlling the actuation of the indicating needle; Figs. XIV and XV represent, respectively, side and front elevations of such plate which pivotally carries one end of one of the temperature elements; Fig. XVI represents a broken enlarged sectional view of the righthand end of `the element A and Fig. XVII l I provide two temperature elements A and B, they being shown herein as bands or ribbons of thin metal, preferably aluminum, although it may be advisable, and I think probably preferable, to use a plurality of thin wires of some metal having a high coefficient of expansion, so'that it will absorb and radiate the heat very quickly and thus render possible a quick reading.

The frame C of the structure is compen sated for as to temperature, so that the opera-ting differential in this instrument exists between the temperature elements A and B and the neutral frame C. There are various ways in which such compensation of the frame structure may be effected, that shown in Fig. I. being chosen for i'ts simplicitymerely, since the particular mode of effecting the compensation, per se, does not constitute a partv of the present invention. In the mode thus illust-rated the frame is composed simply of two vsuperposed plates c c having unlike coefficients of expansion, the relative rates of expansion being such that the .more readily expansible metal will provided at its left-hand end b with vpivotal recesses-lr. provided in said member I-I. The

' bolt J, said bolt cause the less readily expansible one to bulge j in amount suiicient to take up or counteract l the movement that would otherwise result. An annular disk D supports the mechanism adapted to actuate the indicating needle, and itself rests upon several uprights in the frame, C, which uprights support various other elements of the device as hereinafter fully described. p

A dial-plate without graduations is shown at D', a spring-plate E is adjustably secured by screws c in posts 'e, two of said screws being provided upon one end of said plate, Fig. XII, so that it may be rigidly maintained in the proper vertical position. Said spring-plate E is further provided with pivotal pin-bearings e2 upon which is adap'ted to oscillate a plate F, provided with bearin recesses for said pin-bearings e2, also wlth bearing recesses f for one` end of the temperature element B and with a single bearing-recess f2 for a pin-bearing g carried upon a screw g secured through a platev G, which latter is adjustably supported by means of screws g3 in posts g11 mounted in the frame C. The temperature element B is bearing-points b', which are adapted to engage the pivotal recesses f of the oscillatory plate F, as plainly shown in the drawings. The 'temperature element A is provided at rits left-hand end a with an axial portion a upon which are eccentrically mounted two, projecting circular lugs a2, which are so secured in suitable grooves Fig. 1. in the plate Gr that they may turn or roll therein, bu't have no lateral-motion` lengthwise of said plate G. Upon the left-hand ends of both the temperature elements A and B the redoubled ribbons of metal are passed around the axial portion a and through an eye b2, respectively, so that said ribbons act as belts and are free to adjust themselves for even 'tension on these supports, th`e free terminals of said ribbons being fixedly held together at the other or right-hand ends of the latter, (Fig. I).

Upon the right-hand side of the instrument, Fi s. 'I and II, is secured in the frame fC a post, upon the outer surface of which is pivoted a member H by means of 'pinbearings k secured to said post and pivotal right-hand ends of the two temperature elements A and B are adj ustably secured on the passing through the member H, oscillatin on the fulcrum pins 7c., the distances oft e right-hand ends of the temperature elements A and B, respectively, from said fulcra determining, as will be seen, the respective leverages of said elements A and B upon said member H, the whole acting as a di'erential lever. The

b3 of the temperature elements Av and B, at the respectiveright-hand ends of said elements is as follows; as may be readily seen at the right-hand side of Fig. III, and also in Figs. X and XVI. One such terminal of the strip a3 or b3 is secured about a central plate a4, atthe right-hand end of the temperature element and the strip then wrapped around the left-hand end a and carried back to the right-hand end, where it is again wrapped around the'plate a* and over that around said plate. This may be seen in Figs. III and XVI, if a5 bel considered as one end of the strip and a the'other end, such ends and the central plate aAi then'being all rigidly bound together by means of two outer sheaths a7, which are secured thereto by means of small rivets a8. This description of the right-hand end of the temperature element A will suflice for the right-hand end of the temperature element B, inasmuch 'as the strips of eXpansible material are secured alike upon both of said elements. The bolt J passes through suitable holes r" and b9 provided in the temperature elements A and B, respectivelythe right-hand ends of said elements being made somewhat larger, as shown in Figs. IV and VI, at am and 61 respectively, tocompensate for the loss of strength in the material due to the provision of said holes a and b9. AIt will be noted that the adjustments aected at the right and left-hand sides, respectively,l of the two elements A and B, by reason of changes in tension of the ribbons a3' are at the adjustment affected by a2 and b. is due to a change in tensionbetween the two sides of the bandl or wires,a3, as lshown in Fig. III; whereas the adjustment affected at a9 the upper and lower portions of the ribbon as, such as designated by a and a12 in Fig. IV.

The supporting mechanism and means of actuating the indicating needlel I are identical with that shown and described inmy above-me tioned applications upon electrometric appliances and hygrometers 'and comprise a member L supported upon the upper annular member D and extending inwardly slightly vbeyond the axial line of the instrument, it being provided in said axial cessed lower portion of which is mounted -the upper endv of an arbor Z', the lower end of which is mounteddin a recessed bearing in a post M. A thread or belt ln. is wrapped the indicating needle I is secured'. Adjustably secured to the plate F'by means of a screw ln. 'secured through a slot 'n2 is a yfork manner of securing together the free terminals of the thin ribbons of metal aa and N, which is provided with exible curved tines n* to the ends of which is secured the line with an adjustable screw Z, in the-,re-A

i about a drum Z2 formed between two flanges' Z3 provided upon the arbor Z', to which arbor portion of itself which was first wrapped j right angles relatively to each other, that is,

and b is due to a change in tension between f thread or belt n, such thr\ead being of such a length that a great latitude of flexure is secured, so that the friction upon the drum Z2 is greatly reduced.

` are in their slack or loose positions.

It should be noted that the temperature element A is several times as large as the temperature element B, so that a part of the latter-s greater distance from the fulcrum K is compensated for; that the post K is cut away as sliown at c, Fig. XI, in order toallow the temperature element A, if necessai-y, to be' secured'very closely to said post; that the Ieft-handends a, and I), respectively, of the temperature elements A and B, pass through suitable apertures g2 and f3 in the plates G and'F, respectively; that, by reason of having the lugs a2 eccentrically-located relatively to and outsideof the' axial line of the portion a', the lefthand end a of the element A cannot beshifted out of position; that the screw g can be adjusted to vary the tension of' the point g upon the plate F; and that the spring-plate E can be adjusted as to its tension by means of the screws e. Vhen the elements of the thermometer are being assembled, the spring-plate E, the plate G and the bolt J lVhen the temperature elements A and B have been placed in position, the screws e are tightened up which tightens the two coils A and B but would not necessarily change upon a predetermined scale.

the relationship between them. n The adjustment by means of the bolt J is then made to adjust the swing of theneedle for the whole scale, after which the final adjustments are `easily made by meansl of the screws g3 and g which allow the needle to be adjusted with reference to the Zero point When the elements are thus adjusted there is practically no further movement of the bearings a2 in the recesses in the plate G, both bearings a2 and the element A having speedily adjusted themselves during such Yassemblage by reason of thebelt-like movement of the' ribbon of metal around-the portion a.

'F rom the above description, it will be readily apparent that any change in temperature'will affect the force with which the pivotal bearings b bear 4upon' the oscillatory plate F, and cause a relative compensating movement of that portion of the spring-plate'E which is under tension, and

that the movements of said plate F will aiect the fork il to cause the consequent movement of the indicatin needle' I to show the required reading, ractically the whole operative function depends upon the large coil A` since its expansion alone may be reduced or increased by leverage according to its distance from the fulcrum k, the effective expansion of they element B remaining constant, since the whole value 0f the small coil B is of only comparatively little use because of its long leverage. An increase in the leverage of the small coil B increases the play of the oscillatory plate F, and so increases the sensitiveness of the'indicating needle I. If the coil B were neutral to heat and cold, then it would be simply a counterbalance and the coil A would act I alone. In practical effect the elements A, J and B are only one temperature member winch is pivoted upon the pm-bearmgs la,

substantially all the working eifect of the instrument residing in so much of said mem- -ber as is located upon 011e side of sald plvwhich is readily affected by changes in tempcrature and provides a quick reading.

Instead of the frame C being neutral it might, of course, be so constructed as to contract during an increase in temperature, while the temperature element would be eX- panding, in which case the frame would become an operative element in the structure and render 4the thermometer more sensitive although it would'act more sluggishly and, consequently, not give so quick a reading.

Having thus described my invention in detail,.that which I particularly point out and distinctly claim, is

1. In a thermometer, a temperature element comprising end supports and a ribbon of expansible metal secured to one of said' supports and freely movable about the. other support.

2. In a thermometer, a temperature element comprising end supports and a very thin ribbon of a metal of a high coefhcient of expansion mounted on said supports.

3. I'n a thermometer, a temperature element comprising end supports provided with pivotal bearings and a ribbon of eX- -pansiblemetal secured to one of said supports and freely movable about the other support.

4. In a thermometer, a temperature element comprising end supports, pivotal bearings therefor, and a ribbon of eXpansible metal mounted on said supports, the axes of said pivotal bearings being angularly disposed with respect to each other, whereby the tensions exerted upon said ribbon are similarly related.

5. In a thermometer, a temperature element comprising end supports, pivotal bearings therefor, and a. ribbon of expansible metal mounted on said supports, the axes of said pivotal bearings being right-angularly vdisposed with respect to each other, whereby the tensions exerted upon said ribbon are similarly related.

6. In a thermometer, a temperature ele-v ment comprising end supports and a redoubled ribbon of expansible metal havin its free terminal secured to one support an wrapped intermediately of such terminals about the other support so as to be freely movable about the latter.

7. In a thermometer,l a temperature element comprising end supports .provided with pivotal bearings and a redoubled ribbon of expansible metal having its free terminals secured to one support and wrapped intermediately of such terminals about the other support so as to be freely movable about the latter, said bearings and ribbon.

being so arranged that the tensions upon the latter at said two end supports are eX- erted and adjusted at right-angular relationship. Y

' 8. In a thermometer, a temperature member comprising end supports, two ribbons of expansible metal respectively supported at one end upon said supports, and means to which the other ends of both of said ribbonsl are secured, saidfmeans being provided with pivotal bearings. A

9. In a thermometer, a temperature member comprising end supports, two ribbons of `ezzpansible metal respectively supported 11. In a thermometer, a vtemperature A 'member' comprising end supports, two rib,-

bons of expansible metal'respectively supported upon said supports, so as to be freely movable thereon, and means provided with pivotal bearings and adapted to rigidly support the two ends of both of said ribbons.

12. In a thermometer, member comprising two end supports each provided with pivotal bearings, two'ribbons of highly-expansible metal each supported upon one of said supports, respectively, and means provided with pivotal bearings and adapted to rigidly` support the two ends of Lboth of said ribbons, said bearings and ribbons being so arranged that the -tensions upon the latter at their respective supports are exerted andl adjusted in right-angular relationship.

i' 13. In a thermometer, a temperature mema temperature ber comprising two end supports each pro-l vided with pivotal bearings,I two ribbons of,

highly-expansible metal each supported upon one of said supports, respectively, so as to be freely mova to rigidly support the two ends of both of said ribbons, said bearings andribbons being soy arranged thatthe tensions upon the latter at their respective supports are exerted and adjusted in'right-angular relationship.

Q e thereon, and means provided with pivotal bearings 'and adapted 14. In a thermometer, a temperature meinber comprising end supports, two ribbons of expansible metal each supported upon one of said supports, respectively, so as to be freely movable thereon, a bolt adapted to support the two ends of both of said elements, and an oscillatory member provided with pivotal bearings and internally screwthreaded to engage with said bolt.

15.` In a thermometer, a temperature element; a frame provided with a spring support having pivotal bearings, said frame being self-compensating as to temperature; a plate oscillatorily mounted upon said bearings, one end of said temperature ele.- ment being pivoted u on said plate; and

an indicating needle a apted to be actuated by the movement of said plate.

16. In a thermometer, a temperature element; a frame provided with an adjustable spring-plate having pivotal bearings, another pla-te oscillatorily mounted upon said spring plate one end of said temperature element being pivoted upon said last-named plate and exerting pressure upon the latter; and an indicating needle adapted to be actuated by `the movements of said temperature element.

17. In a thermometer, a temperature element; a frame provided with an adjustable spring-plate having pivotal bearings; a plate oscillatoril mounted upon said bearings, one end o said temperature element being pivoted upon said plate; and an indicating needle adapted to be actuated by the move'- ments of said plate. 18. In a thermometer, a temperature element; Va frame provided with an adjustable Vspring-plate having pivotal bearings; said 'being self-compensating as to temperature;

a plate oscillatorily mounted upon said bearings; a pivotedJ support in said frame, one end of. said tem rature element bein pivoted upon said p ate and the other end iis thereof rigidly supported by said pivoted support; and an indicating needleadapted to be actuated by the movements of said plate. v

20. In a thermometer, a pair of temperature elements, a trame adapted to be selfcompensating as to temperature; means supporting one end of each of said elements and pivoted upon said frame, the other end of one of said elements being also supported in said frame, the other end of said second element being pivotally supported in opposition to the corresponding end of the irst element.

2l. In a thermometer, a pair of temperature elements; a frame; a member' pivoted upon the llatter and adapted to support one end of each of said elements; two plates supported by said frame, the other end of one of saidelements being supported upon one of said plates; the latter being adapted to hold the second plate under tension; a member oscillatorily mounted upon said second plate so as to act in conjunction With said lirst plate, to vthus hold said second plate under tension, the other end of the second element being supported upon said oscillatory member -in opposition to said rst plate. v l

22. In a thermometer, a pair of temperature elements; aframe; a member pivoted upon the latter and adapted to support one end of each of said elements; two plates adjustably supported in said Iframe, the other end of one of said elements being supported upon one of said plates; a member oscillatorily mounted upon the second plate and provided With a bearing; means located in said first plate and engaging with said bearing to exert pressure upon said oscillatory member, the other end of the second temperature element being supported upon said oscillatory member in opposition to the pressure exerted by said means.

23. In a thermometer, a pair. ofv tempera.- ture elements; a frame; a member adapted to support one end of each of said elements and pivoted in said frame intermediately of the points supporting said ends; a springplate supported in said frame; a member oscillatorily mounted 'upon said springplate, the other end of one of said temperature elements being pivoted upon said oscillatory member, the corresponding end of said second element being pivoted upon said second plate, the latter being provided with means adapted to exert pressure upon said oscillatory member in opposition to the pressure exerted by said other`end of the first temperature element, the pressure exerted by the latterV and said means effecting a tension in said spring-plate.

24. In a thermometer, a temperature member comprising two temperature elements, amember pivotally mounted in the frame of the mechanism and internally. screw-threaded, and a bolt engaging with said screw-threaded member and adapted to support 0one end of the respective tension elements of the temperature member on each side of the fulcra of saidpivotally mounted member.

Signed by me, this 26 day WILLIAM JANDUS. Attested by- E. S'. BUCK, G. W. SAYWELL.

of October, 

